Climate Change in Brunei and Risks
Climate zones and seasonal patterns for mean temperature and precipitation for Brunei Darussalam according to the most recent climatology, 1991-2020. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification system, which divides climates into five main climate groups based on seasonal patterns of temperature and precipitation, is where climate zone classifications come from. A (tropical), B (dry), C (temperate), D (continental), and E are the five major groups (polar).
A seasonal precipitation sub-group is assigned to every climate, with the exception of those in the E group (second letter). You can see the different climate classifications by moving your mouse over the legend. Following the visualizations, a narrative overview of the country context and climate of Brunei Darussalam is given.
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Climatology of Brunei
The climate context for Brunei Darussalam’s current climatology, 1991-2020, was derived from actual, past observations. For the purpose of understanding projected climate change and future climate scenarios, information should be used to develop a solid understanding of the current climate conditions. Data for the current climatology can be seen as a time series, as spatial variation, or as a seasonal cycle. Both seasonal and annual data can be analyzed.
Although sub-national data aggregations are accessible by clicking on a sub-national unit within a country, data presentation by default uses national-scale aggregation. From the Time Period dropdown list, you can choose from additional historical climatologies. The Data Download page allows users to download data for particular coordinates.
The Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia creates observed, historic data. The resolution of the data is 0.5o x 0.5o (50km x 50km).
Climate Change in Brunei
Past, present, and future climate trends must always be understood in the context of the inherent variability. Here, the term “climate variability” refers to the ways in which certain aspects of the climate, such as temperature and precipitation, “flicker” from year to year within their respective “ranges of variability”. The coupled atmosphere-ocean-land-ice system’s quasi-random internal variability may be the source of this natural variability (as weather variability is drawn out over many years).
El Nio-Southern Oscillation-induced variability is a prime example of a cause falling under that category. Other factors may include the influence of recurring natural disasters like violent volcanic eruptions that act as “forcing” events. “Internal climate variability” is a summary of these external and internal natural forces.
This internal climate variability is constant, though it can vary in intensity from time to time. As a result, a climatology must be viewed as a mean with variability surrounding it. High latitudes are an example of an environment where variability can be very large from year to year, while it can also be small in some places and for some variables (i.e., temperatures in the tropics).
This internal climatic fluctuation is constantly there, sometimes more pronounced, sometimes less so. As a result, climatology must be understood as a mean with variability around it. Variability can be quite high from year to year (high latitudes), or it can be very low in a few areas and for certain factors (i.e., temperatures in the tropics).
In contrast to natural variability, anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and variations in atmospheric concentrations (i.e., CO2, methane) along with land surface changes and aerosol impose a distinct forcing on the climate system. The hunt for climate change signals attempts to distinguish their impacts from natural background fluctuation. This signal might manifest itself as variations in the amplitude of the variability as well as a systematic trend over time.
This website provides three topics for exploring and comprehending variations in variability, trends, and the importance of change during the previous 70, 50, and 30 years. It is intended to supplement the opinions on the climatology pages with information (Current Climatology- Climatology tab).
The three parts provide various elements of how variability may need to be considered. The variables shown are merely a subset of the whole indicator collection for ease of browsing. Data used on this page is sourced from the ERA5 reanalysis (here utilized at 0.5º x 0.5º resolution) in order to extract additionally the daily variability. See the explanation on how to evaluate data displays in each visual.
Climate Change and Risks of Brunei
The combination of climate-related hazards (including hazardous occurrences and trends) with community vulnerability (vulnerability to damage and lack of capacity to adapt) and exposure of human and natural systems is used to assess overall risks from climate-related effects. Hazards, exposure, and susceptibility are driven by changes in both the climatic system and socioeconomic activities, including adaptation and mitigation efforts.
Coastal Risk
The planet’s systematic warming is directly causing global mean sea level to rise in two ways: (1) melting mountain glaciers and polar ice sheets add water to the ocean, and (2) warming of the water in the oceans leads to expansion and thus increased volume.
Since 1880, global mean sea level has risen by about 210-240 millimeters (mm), with nearly a third occurring in the last two and a half decades. Presently, the yearly growth is roughly 3mm every year. Regional variations occurs as a result of natural fluctuation in regional winds and ocean currents, which can last for days, months, or even decades.
Increasing sea levels put a strain on not just the physical shoreline, but also on coastal ecosystems. Saltwater incursions have the potential to pollute freshwater aquifers, which support municipal and agricultural water sources as well as natural ecosystems. Because there is a significant lag in achieving an equilibrium, sea level will continue to rise as global temperatures continue to rise.
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The size of the increase will be heavily influenced by future carbon dioxide emissions and global warming, and the rate of rise may become more influenced by glacier and ice sheet melting.
This website aids in the investigation of our changing seas by analyzing historical sea surface temperatures, historical sea level anomalies (satellite data), and projected future sea level rise (model-based). Projected Coastal Inundation due to Mean Sea Level Rise and Projected Coastal Inundation due to Mean Sea Level Rise + Storm Surge depict prospective flood risk maps for various scenarios and up to 2150.
Recent Climate – Climate Change in Brunei , Climate Change and Risks in Brunei